To listen to the National Anthem click

Canadian Facts and Trivia
So you want to know about Canucks, eh?

Please enjoy and inform me of any errors or omissions so that the information be kept up to date Thank you.

In 1967 Canada received its new official Maple Leaf Flag

It is recognized all the world over. The stylized Maple leaf has eleven points - most people assume these to represent the ten provinces and the North territories [Now there are three territories]


Canada has ten provinces - Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan, and three territories - Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon.


Canada is the home of many great inventions, including: basketball, baseball glove [1883], the electric light bulb, the electric range, the electron microscope, standard time, the television, the telephone, and the zipper.


Canada has the ninth biggest economy of the world


Canada is the second largest country in the world, with 9,971,000 square kilometres of land.


Temperatures have been known to get as cold as -60 degrees Celsius in Canada.


Igloos are homes made out of snow and ice. Some Inuit families in Northern Canada have igloos for homes.


With only three people per square kilometer, Canada has the fourth lowest population density in the world.


Canada's National Anthem is "O Canada" - it is sung in both official languages, English and French. To listen to its tune click here.


Official Lyrics of O Canada!
English Version
O Canada!
Our home and native land!
True patriot love in all thy sons command.
With glowing hearts we see thee rise,
The True North strong and free!
From far and wide,
O Canada, we stand on guard for thee.
God keep our land glorious and free!
O Canada, we stand on guard for thee.
O Canada, we stand on guard for thee.
Version Français
O Canada!
Terre de nos aïeux,
Ton front est ceint de fleurons glorieux.
Car ton bras sait porter l'épée,
Il sait porter la croix.
Ton histoire est une épopée,
Des plus brillants exploits.
Et ta valeur, de foi trempée,
Protégera nos foyers et nos droits.
Protégera nos foyers et nos droits.


The Coat of Arms of Canada has the motto A MARE USQUE AD MARE [From Sea to Sea]
Symbols
Shield: The shield contains five coats - the three gold English "leopards" or lions passant, the Scottish lion and royal tressure; the Irish harp of Tara; the gold fleurs de lis of royal France; and a sprig with three red maple leaves to represent Canadians of all origins.
Ribbon: The ribbon is marked Desiderantes Meliorem Patriam, meaning "they desire a better country." It is the motto of the Order of Canada.
Helmet: The gold helmet facing forward represents royal sovereignty; the mantling is in Canada's national colours, red and white.

Crest: The crest is a crowned gold lion holding a maple leaf. This is used by the Governor-General of Canada , representing the Queen of Canada. At the top is St. Edward's Crown, the style of royal crown preferred by Her Majesty.
Supporters: The English lion and Scottish unicorn hold spears from which fly the Union Jack and the three fleurs-de-lis of royal France.
Motto: The motto is A Mari Usque Ad Mare, meaning "from sea to sea." It is taken from Psalm 72:8, first used in Canada in 1906 when it was engraved on the legislative mace of Saskatchewan.
Wreath: Beneath the motto is a wreath of roses, thistles, shamrocks, and fleurs-de-lis, the floral emblems of England, Scotland, Ireland, and France.


According to the United Nations Human Development Index, Canada has the highest quality of life in the world.


Contrary to popular opinion, Canada does not own the North Pole. In fact, the North Pole is not owned by any country.


Some firmly believe that Santa Claus is from Canada.


Canada is the world's eighth biggest trader.


Of all of the world's producers of natural gas, copper, zinc, nickel, aluminum, and gold, Canada is in the top five.


Canada is the fifth largest energy producer.


Canada has the world's highest tertiary education enrolment.


The population of Canada is approximately 33 million.


To celebrate the fact that the Sugar Maple is the national tree, there a maple leaf on the Canadian flag.


Canada was born in 1867.


The biggest city in Canada is Toronto.


The world's smallest jail is believed to be in Rodney, Ontario, Canada. It is only 24.3 square meters (about 270 square feet).


The longest river in Canada is the Mackenzie River, located in the Northwest Territories. It empties into the Hudson Bay.


Canada's first Prime Minister was John Alexander MacDonald.


The native Canadians were the first people to live in Canada.



Quebec (La Belle Province) is the largest province, located in Eastern Canada and is a French-speaking province.


Quebec's capital city is Quebec City.


"Quebec" came from the Algonquin word "kepék" meaning "the place where the river narrows."


Quebec is nicknamed "La Belle Province" because of the diverse landscape and architecture.


Quebec's motto - "Je me souviens" which is French for "I remember".


Quebec's symbols - flower - the Blue Flag, tree - Yellow Birch, bird - Snowy Owl.


Quebec has a population of 7,750.5 million (2008)


Quebec's largest city is Montreal (metropolitan area of 3.6 million in 2006 census).


Quebec's ethnic groups include French, Irish, Italian, English, Aboriginal, Scottish and German.


Quebec's main spoken languages: French 80%, English 7.8%, Italian 1.7%, Spanish 1.5%, Arabic 1.5%, (2006 census)


Quebec is home to over 108,430 aboriginal people: Mohawk, Wendat(Huron), Cree, Algonquin, Innu (Montagnais), Micmac, Attikameks, Inuit and Métis (2006 census)


Nearly 80% of Québecois live near the shores of the Saint Lawrence River.


Explorer Jacques Cartier arrived in 1534 and claimed the land for France.


Samuel de Champlain set up a colony called New France in 1608.


British and French fought the Seven Years' War. The war ended when Quebec City was captured by the British (1759).


The area was divided into Upper Canada (English speaking) and Lower Canada (mainly French speaking) in 1791.


The Act of Union in 1840 united Upper and Lower Canada and established the Province of Canada.


In 1867 the Province of Canada was divided into Ontario and Quebec.


Quebec became one of the four original provinces of the Dominion of Canada, along with Ontario, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in 1867.


Quebec has more fresh water than any other province. There are more than one million lakes and waterways.


One of the largest hydroelectric plants in the world is near James Bay.


Quebec produces more than a third of Canada's pulp and paper products. ( paper, newsprint, boxes, tissue and cardboard)


Quebec is Canada's main producer of maple syrup.


Quebec's dairy industry is the largest in Canada.


Bonaventure Island bird sanctuary (largest colony of gannets in the world).


Quebec City, the only walled city north of Mexico, has many historic buildings.


The fortification walls in Quebec City were first built in 1695 and reconstructed in 1720 to protect the French from British invasion.


Old Quebec City is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


Old Montreal has cobblestone streets and historic 17th and 18th century architecture.


Religious shrines (Saint Joseph's Oratory in Montreal and Ste-Anne-de-Beaupré Basilica) attract millions of pilgrims from many countries.


The Quebec Citadel is a large fortification built in the 19th century to protect the city.



Prince Edward Island is the smallest province in Canada.


PEI is one of the Atlantic provinces on the east coast of Canada. It is the smallest province.


Charlottetown is the "birthplace of Canada" where leaders met in 1864 to discuss the formation of our country.


The Northumberland Strait separates PEI from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The island lies in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.


The capital city of PEI is Charlottetown.


The Island was named "Prince Edward" in honour of the father of Queen Victoria in 1799.


PEI is called "the Garden Province" because half of the land is cultivated.


The symbols for PEI: flower - Lady's Slipper; tree - Northern Red Oak; bird - Blue Jay; motto : "the small under the protection of the great"


PEI is the home of 138,600 people.(2007 estimate). Over 75 percent are of Scottish, Irish and English descent. About 15 % are of French origin.


Charlottetown is the largest city in PEI with about 32, 174 people in 2006. Summerside is the only other city. There are seven incorporated towns.


The first people to live on PEI were the Mi'kmaq (Micmac). They moved from place to place living in dwellings called wigwams. In the winter they hunted and in the summer they fished.


Jacques Cartier, a French explorer, discovered PEI in 1534. In 1603 Champlain, another French explorer, came to the island.


In 1719 a French colony was formed. In 1745 the English took over the island. The French farmers were expelled.


The land was divided into large lots and given to British citizens.


Loyalists from the U.S. came in the 1780s.


PEI became the seventh Canadian province in 1873.


PEI is about 224 km long and from 6 to 64 km wide. Almost all of the soil is made up of red-coloured sandstone.


Prince Edward Island National Park has a large beach with reddish sand, sand dunes, salt marshes and red sandstone cliffs.


About thirty percent of Canada's potatoes are grown in PEI.


Other crops include fruits and vegetables (apples, strawberries, blueberries, carrots, onions, tomatoes) and cereal crops.


Fishing is the third largest industry. The second largest industry is tourism.


Fishermen catch herring, tuna, cod and mackerel. Lobsters are caught in traps. Clams, scallops, mussels and oysters are farmed in underwater hatcheries. Oysters are harvested for Canada and the world.


Irish moss (a seaweed) is harvested by pulling a special rake along the rocks or on the sea floor. It is used to thicken ice cream, cheese and toothpaste.


The Confederation Bridge joins New Brunswick and PEI. The bridge was opened in 1997 and is almost 13 km long. It takes 12 minutes to cross the bridge.


There are two airports on PEI.


Tourists come from around the world to visit Green Gables House. It is a museum about L.M. Montgomery, author of the Anne of Green Gables books.


The Robert Harris Collection at the Confederation Centre of the Arts (in Charlottetown) consists of some 5,000 works of art.



The biggest waterfall in Canada is Niagra Falls, located in Ontario.


Wayne Gretzky is from Brantford, Ontario.


Canada got its name from an Iroquois word, "Kanata", meaning "village."


Comedian Great, Jim Carrey was bold enough to send a resume to the Carol Burnett show when he was just 10 years old.


The CN Tower is 553.33 meters tall, or the length of 5 1/2 football fields.


Alexander Graham Bell owned homes in Baddeck, Nova Scotia, and Brantford, Ontario. It is believed that it was while he was living in Brantford, Ontario that he first formulated the idea for the telephone.


Gladys Smith aka Mary Pickford was a Toronto born Canadian got the nickname of "America's Sweetheart" from a publicist when she promoted U.S. War Bond sales.


Canadian Actor Comedian Jim Carrey wrote himself a cheque for 20 million dollars and carried it around in his pocket until he earned that amount in one film "cable Guy".


Lorne Greene - Lorne had initially been a chemical engineering student at Queen's University in Kingston Ontario. He went on to become "the voice of Canada" for the CBC. While he was there he invented a stopwatch that ran backwards to aid radio announcers in gauging the time available.


Representig the Queen in Canada are 14 persons - One Governor General, One Lieutenant Governor in each of the ten Provinces and one Commissioner in each of the three Territories,


Canada is the only foreign country permitted to have an embassy on Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC.


The Canadian Government honoured the USA in a similar manner by letting the U.S. build their embassy across from the Parliament buildings in Ottawa. The office has since moved to Sussex Drive.


Canadian Marc Garneau was the first foreigner to fly into space with the American space program.


Mr Big or a Flake are chocolate bars.


Kananaskis, is a Cree word meaning "meeting of the waters".


Canada had its own Florence Nightingale. Actually starting her career in nursing, she began to appreciate the restorative abilities of creams and eventually became a cosmetic icon. She was born as Florence Nightingale Graham in Woodbridge Ontario, is known to the world now as Elizabeth Arden hung her first red door in New York City.


Superman was created by Canadian Joe Shuster and American Jerry Siegal. The character was created while Shuster was visiting Siegal in Cleveland Ohio in 1934.


The Rideau Canal in Ottawa is the World's Longest Skating Rink! Residents are known to lace on their skates and use it as a mode of transportation to and from work during the winter months.


The first Molson Brewery was located in Montreal Quebec.


Kurt Browning a Canadian figure skater performed the first 'quad' during competition.


In 1984 Canada had three Prime Ministers - 1)Pierre Elliot Trudeau - 2)John Turner - 3)Brian Mulroney.


Canadian real estate terms for bathrooms "full" or "half". A full can include a shower and/or a bathtub. A half refers to a bathroom with just a toilet and sink.


In Canada, bathrooms are referred to as a 2 piece = a sink and toilet, 3 piece = a sink, toilet, shower, 4 piece = a sink, toilet, shower, and bathtub.


"ABM" refers to "Automated Banking Machine" [In the USA it is referred to as an "ATM" or "Automatic Teller Machine".


Anglophone refers to a Canadian who's native or first language is English.


Francophone refers to a Canadian who's native or first language is French.


Most Canadians ask for a Bathroom or a washroom instead of using the word restroom - even in public.


In Canada, Chesterfield is another name for sofa or couch.


Candy bars are called chocolate bars in Canada.


Duo-Tang is a paper notebook, similar to a double pocket portfolio but it has 3 metal prongs in the center. Each prong has 2 pieces of metal that fit through the 3 ring paper holes. Spread the prongs apart or bend them down to hold the paper in place.


In the USA an entree refers to the main portion of the meal. In Canada, because of the French influence, an entrée refers to the beginning of a meal or the appetizer.


Whole milk is called homo milk in Canada....short for homogenized. It is sold in cartons by the litre or in three-litre bags.


Hydro is the Canadian term for Electricity [short for Hydro-Electric].


"Knapsack" is another name for a backpack.


Molson Muscle is a term for a beer belly - or a large tummy blamed on excessive beer drinking.


In Canada flags are flown at Half-Mast when someone dies - compare to half-staff in the USA


A 13 oz bottle of alcohol is known as a Mickey.


Poutine is actually a French Canadian dish that involves french fries, cheese curd and lots of gravy.


"Runners" is another name for "sneakers".


Serviette is a table napkin. If you request a napkin in Canada, you'll be understood. In Britain you may get a sanitary towel or nappy (diaper) instead!.


There is a law in Canada that specifies all lotteries must be operated by the Canadian Government. Companies that offer promotional contests have to work around this law by making the winner answer a "skill testing question" before the prize can be awarded. It is usually a math question.


Every Canadian child has purchased Smarties while waiting in line. Smarties are basically like M&M's, but twice as big.


Canada is a huge country. It is approximately 9,984,670 sq. km / 3,855,103 sq mi.


From side to side there are six time zones, as it is over 8,850 km / 5,500 miles wide, from Atlantic to Pacific coasts.


Canada is almost 30% larger than Australia.


Canada is more than 3 times the size of India.


Canada is more than 18 times the size of France.


Canada is almost 20 times the size of Spain.


Canada is almost 28 times the size of Germany.


Canada is more than 33 times the size of Italy.


Canada is almost 37 times the size of New Zealand.


Canada is almost 41 times the size of the UK .


Canada is more than 142 times the size of Ireland


Canada is more than 21840 times the size of Malta!!!


The Longest Street in the World is Yonge Street in the Greater Toronto Area in the Province of Ontario. Yonge Street starts at Lake Ontario, and runs north through central and northern Ontario to the Ontario – Minnesota border, a distance of over 1178 miles / 1896 kilometres. The Guinness Book of World Records recognized this claim as late as 1998.


The Trans-Canada Highway between Victoria, BC and St. John's, NF is the world's longest national highway with a length of 7,821 km / 4,860 miles.


Canada has the world's longest coastline: 202,080 km / 125,566 miles.


The Thousand Island Railway, which ran in Gananoque Ontario, is North America ’s shortest railway in history, just 5.43 km / 3.32 miles.


CP Rail’s 9 mile / 14.5 km long Mount Macdonald Tunnel, in the Rogers Pass area of British Columbia, is the longest tunnel on the continent.


Wasaga Beach on Georgian Bay is the world’s longest beach, 8.6 miles / 14 km. Wasaga Beach is located about 2 hours northwest of Toronto, Ontario.


Banff National Park, located in the Province of Alberta, is the oldest national park in Canada, established in 1885.



Alberta is one of the three prairie provinces. It is the fourth largest province. It is known as Canada's "energy province".


Saskatchewan is east of Alberta; British Columbia is west. The Northwest Territories are north of Alberta -The state of Montana is south.


Alberta was named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, fourth daughter of Queen Victoria.


Edmonton (capital city of Alberta) and Calgary are the largest cities.


About 1 million people live in Edmonton.


Alberta's flower is the Wild Rose, Alberta's tree is rhe Lodgepole Pine,Alberta's bird is the Great Horned Owl, Alberta's mammal is the Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep


Alberta's motto is "strong and free".


Alberta is home to over 3.5 million people.(April, 2007)


The first people settled in the Alberta area about 8000 years ago. In the woodland areas the Woodland Cree and Chipewyan tribes hunted moose, caribou and deer, fished and gathered plants and berries. They used bark canoes to travel up and down the streams.


Alberta became a province on September 1, 1905.


Alberta is the main producer of coal, oil and natural gas in Canada.


A 9 m. high Ukranian Easter egg is displayed at Vegreville, east of Edmonton.


Inside Toronto’s Rogers Centre (formerly known as the SkyDome) you will find the largest Sony big screen, measuring 33 ft. x 110 ft. (10.0 m x 33.6 m).


The only walled city north of Mexico is Québec City; it was also the first city in North America to be placed on UNESCO's World Heritage Sites list.



Canada's Warring Past - The USA has invaded Canada twice — in 1775 and 1812—both times to no avail.


Newfoundland was the only place in North America directly attacked by German forces during WWII.


The province consists of two sections, the island of Newfoundland and the mainland portion of Labrador. Thousands of small islands are also included. Province's Motto is Quaerite prime regnum dei (Seek ye first the kingdom of God).


Newfoundland (island section): 111,390 sq. km - Labrador (mainland section) - 294,330 sq. km - Total Area is 405,720 sq. km.


Newfoundland is the most easterly Canadian province, the island is situated at the mouth of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The province lies between the 46th and 61st parallels; most of the island lies below the 50th parallel.


Population: Labrador: 26,890, Newfoundland: 479,385, Total: 506,275 (2007)


English is the Language mainly spoken in Newfoundland (2006)


Newfoundland entered Confederation with Canada on March 31, 1949.


Newfoundland's Capital City is St. John's.


Labrador is larger and is bordered by Quebec. The North Atlantic Ocean is to the east.


The island of Newfoundland is surrounded by the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Atlantic Ocean.


Nrefoundland's symbols: flower - Pitcher Plant; tree - Black Spruce; bird - Atlantic Puffin.


Newfoundland experiences more fog than any of the other Atlantic Provinces.


Vikings (Norsemen) were the first to visit Newfoundland and Labrador.


Five hundred years later (in 1497) the explorer John Cabot arrived. He claimed the "new found isle" for the King of England.


Torngat Mountains in Labrador are the most spectacular mountains east of the Rockies.


Main exports are oil, fish products, newsprint, iron ore and electricity.


Signal Hill, NL is a high cliff where Italian inventor Marconi received the first wireless signal (1901) from across the Atlantic Ocean.


The Titanic, a large passenger ship, sank in 1912 after hitting an iceberg south of Newfoundland.


A transatlantic telegraph cable was laid on the bottom of the ocean from Ireland to Heart's Content, Newfoundland in 1866.


Canada has the tallest tower in the world. Completed in 1975, the CN Tower in Toronto stands 553m (1815' 5") tall. CN Tower’s glass paneled elevator floors are the highest in the world.


The world famous robotic manipulator affectionately known as the “Canadarm”, used aboard the space shuttle and its bigger brother the “Canadarm 2”, an integral part of the International Space Station, were designed and manufactured at Spar Aerospace, based in Brampton Ontario, just northwest of Toronto.


The 1964 animated TV movie “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” was filmed in Japan, but the entire soundtrack was recorded in a studio in Toronto, Ontario.


Most of the singing and speaking cast in "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" were Canadian. Billie Mae Richards ("Rudolph") and Paul Soles ("Hermey") are neighbours in an Ontario retirement community.


Actor Leslie Nielsen (Police Squad, Spy Hard, Naked Gun, Mr. Magoo) is Canadian.


Actor Leslie Nielsen’s brother Erik, was the Deputy Prime Minister of Canada, from 1984 to 1986.


Actor William Shatner, known as "Captain Jame T. Kirk" of Star Trek fame, is from Montreal, Quebec, Canada


Guy (Gaetano) Lombardo (1902- 1977) leader of the big-band era “The Royal Canadians" and known for his yearly rendition of “Auld Lang Syne” which is still played on new years at Times Square in New York City, was born in London, Ontario, Canada


Canada holds the record for the most gold medals ever won at the Winter Olympics. (2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics - 14 gold medals)


Wayne Gretsky holds just about every significant scoring record of the National Hockey League and is consistently ranked as the greatest ice hockey player of all time.


The 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal, Canada, were marred by boycotts and drug allegations. In the end, 26 African countries boycotted the Games.


The Mysterious Moon Men of Canada (1989): written/directed by Colin Brunton. A filmmaker searches for two Canadians who flew to the moon in 1959, but because they were Canadian, were too modest to tell anybody about it.


The West Edmonton Mall, in Alberta, Canada is the largest shopping centre in the world with 800 shops and restaurants and also has a dolphin show and the world's largest indoor lake with four working submarines.


Loonie or loony is the colloquial name for Canada's dollar coin, which came out in 1987. The plural is loonies.


The National Anthem is O Canada, and is sung in the two official Languages, English and French.



Manitoba is one of the three prairie provinces in Canada.


Manitoba is located in the centre of Canada with Ontario to the east and Saskatchewan to the west. Nunavut and Hudson Bay are north and the United States is south.


"Manitoba" may come from the Cree words "manitou bou" meaning "strait of the Great Spirit". The name may also come from the Assiniboine words "mini" and "tobow" meaning "Lake of the Prairie".


About 60 percent of the people of Manitoba live in the capital city of Winnipeg and its suburbs.


Manitoba's second largest city is Brandon.


Manitoba's flower is the Prairie Crocus , its tree is the White Spruce, its bird is the Great Gray Owl, its motto is "Glorious and Free"


Manitoba is the home of over a million people.(1.2 million October 2008)


Winnipeg is Manitoba's largest city. About 653,000 people live there (2007)


Manitoba is home to many Métis and native peoples. - The native people include Assiniboine and Saulteaux; Northern, Woodland, and Swampy Cree; Chipewyan; and Inuit. Ethnic backgrounds include British, German, Ukrainian, French, native people, Dutch, and Poles.


Winnipeg is the coldest major city in Canada.


The first people to live in Manitoba were the Assiniboine, Cree, Saulteaux, Chipewyan, Ojibwa. They followed herds of bison and caribou. Early explorers arrived through Hudson Bay in northern Manitoba. Hudson's Bay Company (created in 1670) set up fur trading posts along the rivers. The early settlers were the British and French. The first British settlement was Red River. Louis Riel (1844-1885) was an influential Métis leader.


Manitoba became Canada's fifth province in 1870.


Manitoba is known as the land of 100,000 lakes. Lake Winnipeg [the third largest lake in Canada], Lake Winnipegosis and Lake Manitoba are three large lakes.


Manitoba lies in the area of Canada known as the Canadian Shield.


Minerals and metals are found in the Canadian Shield. (nickel, gold, copper, zinc, cobalt, gypsum) Manitoba is a world leader in the production of nickel.


Thirty-seven percent of Manitoba is covered with forest.


Manitoba sells hydroelectric power to other provinces and to the US.


There are different types of farming in southern Manitoba: One-third of the farmland is used for growing wheat. Mills make wheat into flour. The wheat is sold to other countries. Farmers also grow canola, sunflowers, oats, rye, flax, buckwheat and field peas. These crops are made into cereal and oil products. Dairy farms produce milk, cheese, yogurt and cream. There are also livestock farms.


The Royal Canadian Mint is in Winnipeg.


Churchill in northern Manitoba is "the polar bear capital of the world". Polar bears make their dens near the town. Wapusk National Park (Wapusk is a Cree word meaning "white bear") located in Northern Manitoba protects one of the world's largest known polar bear denning areas


Nellie McClung (1873-1951) from Manitoba, fought for the rights of women


Louis Riel (1844–85) - Founding Father of Manitoba and leader of the Métis rebellions of 1870 and 1885


Manitoba basks in more than 2,300 hours of bright sunshine each year.


Winnipeg has held the "Slurpee Capital of the World" title for six years in a row, gulping 400,000 of the semi-frozen soft drinks per month.


The Golden Boy, gilded in 24 carat gold, towers 77 m (255 ft) atop the Manitoba Legislative Building. Sculpted and cast in France, the statute spent the First World War in the hold of a ship, crisscrossing the Atlantic Ocean after the ship was commandeered for troop transport.


The Manitoba Legislative Building is a stunning example of Beaux-Arts Classic architecture completed in 1920 out of unique Tyndall limestone quarried in Garson, Manitoba.


The name Manitoba is believed to come from the words "manitowapow" (Cree) or "manito bau" (Ojibway), which mean "straight of the spirit" and refer to an island in Lake Manitoba Narrows where a "manitou" or "great spirit" beat his drums.


The beaver is the world's largest rodent and its luxurious pelt fuelled the 19th century fur trade, leading to the exploration and eventual settlement of Manitoba by Europeans.


At one point in geological history, Manitoba was an alpine province with huge mountain ranges.


Lakes Winnipeg and Manitoba are all that is left of glacial Lake Agassiz that once covered most of the province.


Churchill, Manitoba, is known as the "Polar Bear Capital of the World" for being the most accessible place to view polar bears in the wild.


There are more than 120 public and private golf courses in Manitoba, with some of the most scenic found in Hecla, the Whiteshell and Riding Mountain National Park. Comedian Bob Hope played his first game of golf in Winnipeg.


Winnipeg was the first city in Canada to establish a United Way charity.


Winnipeg was the first city in the world to develop the 911 emergency phone number.


Souris, Manitoba, is famous for its 177 m (582 ft) free-suspension footbridge over the Souris River - more than 40 metres longer and reportedly bouncier than the West Coast's famous Capilano Swinging Bridge.


With its century-old banks and warehouse buildings, Winnipeg's historic Exchange District boasts the best-preserved, largest collection of terra cotta and cut-stone architecture in North America. Hollywood filmmakers love the area as a location setting for period-piece movies, such as "Jesse James" featuring Brad Pitt.


Winnipeg's Union Station was designed by the same architects responsible for New York's Grand Central Station.


The Winnipeg Folk Festival, one of North America's largest outdoor folk music festivals, turns Birds Hill Provincial Park into Manitoba's third largest population centre every July. Over 55,000 music lovers from across the continent come together for this four-day celebration.


As North America's second largest alternative theatre festival, the Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival draws more than 130 performing companies into the historic Exchange District each summer for 12 jam-packed days of edgy and comic performances. Theatre companies come from as far afield as Australia, South Africa, France, Scotland and New York.


Manitoba produces more than 25,000 pounds of gold medal, award-winning golden caviar from Whitefish roe and exports it worldwide.


The Royal Winnipeg Ballet is Canada's oldest and North America's second oldest dance company.


The Winnipeg Art Gallery has the world's largest public collection of contemporary Inuit art, including over 9,000 works from sculpture, prints and textiles to paintings.


In addition to producing coins for Canada, Winnipeg's Royal Canadian Mint has minted currency for 60 countries around the globe.


Assiniboine Forest in Winnipeg is the largest urban nature park in Canada and home to 80 species of birds.


The longest place names in Canada are PEKWACHNAMAYKOSKWASKWAYPINWANIK LAKE in Manitoba (31 letters, not counting "lake") and ILE KUCHISTINIWAMISKAHIKAN in Quebec.



New Brunswick is Canada’s only officially bilingual province (French and English)


Perched on Canada's east coast along the Atlantic Ocean, New Brunswick is the gateway to the Maritimes and home to some of the most incredible Marine Wonders of the World.


New Brunswick is the largest of Canada’s three Maritime provinces.


There are three distinct coastlines in New Brunswick that together span 2,250 km (1,398 mi.).


New Brunswick’s Bay of Fundy has the highest tides on earth and is one of the most accessible viewing areas for marine life in the world.


The St John River system is the second largest on North America’s Atlantic coastline.


Fiddleheads, edible, tightly coiled ferns that resemble the spiral end of a violin or fiddle, are a New Brunswick delicacy.


Grand Manan Island in the Fundy Isles is one of the top birding spots in North America.


New Brunswick has more than 48 lighthouses and is famous for its existing inland lighthouse system that dots its inland rivers.


The Bay of Fundy is a pristine sanctuary for all kinds of rare, unusual wild creatures including 15 species of toothed and baleen whales (Finbacks, Humpbacks, Pilot whales and the rare Right whale).


New Brunswick has 62 remaining covered bridges. Kings County is considered the Covered Bridge Capital of Atlantic Canada. The bridges that are standing today are living examples of the pride of craftsmanship, heritage, engineering and design of our forefathers. The ‘’Longest Covered Bridge in the World’’ is located in Hartland, New Brunswick - 390 m (1,282 ft.) long.


James Elliot and Alexander McAvity, Saint John, invented the Scuba tank, 1839.


Benjamin F. Tibbets, invented the Compound steam engine, Fredericton, 1845.


Robert Carr Harris invented the Snow blower, Dalhousie, 1870.


Henry T. Austin invented Sardine cans, Black’s Harbour, 1932.


John E. Turnbull invented the Clothes washer with roller wringer, Saint John, 1843.


Thomas Campbell invented the Combined hot and cold water faucets, Saint John, 1880.


Edward R. MacDonald invented the Crossword game, Shediac, 1926.


Robert T. Mawhinney invented the Dump-box for trucks, Saint John, 1920.


Ganong Brothers Ltd., St. Stephen, are the first in Canada to produce lollipops (1895), to use cellophane packaging (1920), to make peppermint rolls (1926), and to sell Valentine candy in heart-shaped boxes (1932).


Charles Thomas "Stompin' Tom" Connors, one of Canada's most prolific and well-known folk singers, was born in Saint John on February 9, 1936.


The world’s oldest intact shark fossil, over 409-million years old, was discovered near Atholville, in the heart of the Appalachian Range.


The Highest peak in the Maritimes is located at Mount Carleton Provincial Park. It measures in at 820 m (2,690 ft.).


New Brunswick’s Sir Charles G.D. Roberts was the first Canadian poet to be knighted.


The first French settlement in North America was attempted in 1604 on Saint Croix Island.


New Brunswick is home to the largest ocean tidal whirlpool (off the coast of Deer Island) in the western hemispheres. It’s named the ‘Old Sow’.


The University of New Brunswick is tied with the University of Georgia as being the oldest University in North America.


The oldest “still in use” university building in Canada is the Old Arts Building, located on the Fredericton Campus of the University of New Brunswick.


The University of New Brunswick is the first university in the world to be completely online.


The New Brunswick Museum, Saint John, is Canada’s first museum, established in 1842.


Shediac is home to the World’s Largest Lobster. This statue is 10.5 m (34 ft.) long and is 4.5 m (15 ft.) high. This monster weighs 90 tons!


Sabian Cymbals, Meductic, is one of the first cymbal-manufacturing companies in North America.



Nunavut became Canada's third territory on April 1, 1999. It is the largest territory and makes up one fifth of the Canada's land mass.


Nunavut is made up of a mainland and many islands in the Arctic Ocean. Baffin Island and Ellesmere Island are two large islands.


Nunavut's capital is Iqaluit.


Nunavut's Emblems : flower - Purple Saxifrage; bird - Rock Ptarmigan; animal - Canadian Inuit Dog -motto - Nunavut, our strength


Nunavut means our land in the Inuit language of Inuktitut.


Inuktitut is the language of the Inuit. [Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, English and French are the spoken languages].


Canada's most northern capital, Iqaluit, became capital of Nunavut on April 1, 1999 - Iqaluit means the place of many fish.


The territory of Nunavut was created on April 1, 1999.


Ellesmere Island National Park Reserve is Canada's most northern park.



Nova Scotia - N.S -is one of the four Atlantic provinces on the east coast of Canada


NS is the second smallest province (P.E.I. is the smallest)


NS is made up of the mainland and Cape Breton Island


NS also includes over 3800 coastal islands


NS's capital city and largest city is Halifax - 372,858 (2006 Census Canada figures)


Halifax is an international seaport and transportation centre.


NS's flower is the Mayflower


NS's tree is the Red Spruce


NS's bird is the Osprey


"Nova Scotia" means "New Scotland" in Latin.


NS's motto is " One defends and the other conquers"


There are 938,310 people living in Nova Scotia.(2008)


In NS, many people live in or close to Halifax.


Most of the communities of NS are along the coast.


First people of NS were the Micmacs (Mi'Kmaq Indians).


N.S. has Canada's oldest African-Canadian community.


Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, Established 1753, is another UNESCO World Heritage Site


The Vikings first visited NS around the year 990.


Explorer John Cabot came to Nova Scotia in 1497. Micmac lived there. They hunted, fished, gathered plants and berries.


French settlers arrived in NS in 1605. A French settlement named Port Royal was built in 1605. The area was turned over to the British after a war. French colonists were forced to leave. Some went back to France while others went to the U.S. Later settlers came from England, Germany, Scotland. In 1783 the United Empire Loyalists came from the United States.


In 1784 Nova Scotia was partitioned and the colonies of New Brunswick and Cape Breton Island were created. In 1820 Cape Breton Island became part of Nova Scotia again. In 1867 Nova Scotia became a part of the Dominion of Canada.


The province of NS is almost surrounded by water. The Atlantic Ocean is to the south and east.


Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are connected by a small land bridge (28 km Isthmus of Chignecto) . The Bay of Fundy stretches between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.


The Bay of Fundy has world's highest tides.


There are 3000 small lakes in NS.


The Strait of Canso (1.2 km wide) separates the mainland of Nova Scotia from Cape Breton Island. The Canso Causeway is a road which connects the island to the mainland.


Scallops, crabs, clams, cod, haddock, pollock, herring and salmon are caught in the waters off Nova Scotia.


Lobsters from N.S. are shipped all across Canada.


There are about 160 fish processing plants in NS.


Nova Scotia is among the leading producers of gypsum in the world. Gypsum is used in the manufacture of wallboard.


Anne Murray is a singer and songwriter from Springhill, who has many gold singles. Singer Rita MacNeil and musician Ashley MacIssac are from Nova Scotia.


Marconi sent the first official west-to-east wireless (radio) message across the Atlantic Ocean from Table Head, Cape Breton Island in 1902.


A. Gesner made kerosene in the 1850s. The kerosene was burned in lamps and lanterns. He is known as the Father of the Petroleum Industry.


Thomas Haliburton was a famous writer who wrote books about a character named Sam Slick.


Joshua Slocum was the first to sail alone around the world in the 1890s.


In the 1920s and 1930s the Bluenose schooner was famous for winning international races.


Nova Scotia is called "Canada's ocean playground"


Fishing villages and lighthouses along the coastline attract tourists. Peggy's Cove is a well-known fishing village with a lighthouse.


The Citadel is a fort built (1856) on a hill overlooking Halifax harbour.


Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site (Cape Breton Island) has a museum displaying his inventions. He is the inventor of the telephone.


The Fortress of Louisbourg (Cape Breton Island) is the largest reconstructed 18th-century French fortified town in North America.


Bras d'Or lake (Cape Breton Island) is a saltwater lake that is a nesting site of the endangered bald eagle.



Yukon is the smallest of the three territories in Canada - the four Atlantic provinces are smaller.


Yukon is located in the northwest corner of Canada


To the east of Yukon lie Northwest Territories; to the south, British Columbia; to the north, Beaufort Sea (Arctic Ocean); to the west, the U.S. state of Alaska.


The capital city of Yukon is Whitehorse.


Symbols of Yukon: flower - Fireweed; bird - Common Raven; tree - Sub-alpine Fir.


"Yukon" is from the native word "Yu-kun-ah" meaning "great river"


The population of Yukon is about 33,294 (2008).


About 75 percent live in the capital city of Whitehorse (24,890 people in 2008). Some other communities are Dawson City (1,889); Watson Lake (1,596); Haines Junction (818); Mayo (460); Carmacks (453);Carcross (431).


Yukon has a strong and active Francophone community. There are fourteen First Nations, speaking eight different languages.


In 1870 the Government of Canada acquired the territory from the Hudson's Bay Company. The entire area became known as the Northwest Territories.


In 1895 boundaries were drawn and Yukon became a district of the Northwest Territories.


In 1898 the area became Canada's second territory. Dawson was the capital city until 1953.


Building of the Alaska highway in 1942 brought hundreds of workers. The highway (1,520 miles or 2,446 km) was constructed in eight months and twelve days.


Whitehorse replaced Dawson as the capital in 1953.


Canadian government opened the Dempster Highway in 1979. It is an all-weather road that crosses the Arctic Circle.


Above the Arctic Circle, Yukon is known as "the land of the midnight sun". For three months in the summer sunlight is almost continuous. In the winter there is darkness for three months.


Yukon River is 3,700 km (2,300 miles) long, making it Canada's second longest river.


Three of Canada's national parks are in the Yukon.



British Columbia is the most western province in Canada and the third largest.


Alberta is to the east, the Yukon and Northwest Territories are to the north, The Pacific Ocean is to the west, to the south, B.C. is bordered by three U.S. states - Washington, Idaho and Montana.


There are many islands off the coast that are also part of B.C. Victoria, the capital city is on Vancouver Island.


Vancouver is the third largest city in Canada.


Vancouver Canada is tied with Zurich Switzerland for the highest quality of life of any city in the world.


The tallest mountain in the Canadian Rockies is Mount Robson, in BC.


B.C.'s symbols: flower - Pacific Dogwood, bird - Stellar's Jay, tree - Western Red Cedar, motto - "Splendour without diminishment"


B.C. is the home to over 4.2 million people. (2006)


B.C. has the largest Chinese community in Canada.


The top 10 languages spoken in B.C. are English, Chinese (including Cantonese and Mandarin), Punjabi, German, French, Tagalog, Korean, Spanish, Persian, and Italian.


Alexander Mackenzie, Simon Fraser and David Thompson explored the interior of B.C.


B.C. became a province in 1871. Canadian government promised to build a railway to B.C. In 1885 the CPR railway reached Vancouver.


The Fraser River is one of the largest rivers in Canada. Both the Fraser and the Columbia River flow into the Pacific Ocean.


There are seven national parks in B.C.


The three main mountain ranges are the Coastal Mountains in the west, the Columbia Mountains in the centre, and the Rocky Mountains in the east.


B.C. has the largest and oldest trees in Canada.


The province is Canada's second largest generator of hydro electricity.


B.C. is Canada's second largest natural gas producer.


B.C. is the third largest film and television production centre in North America (after New York and Los Angeles).


Terry Fox (1958-1981) - tried to run across Canada to raise money for cancer research


Stanley Park in Vancouver is one of Canada's biggest city parks with an aquarium, gardens, beaches, trails and totem poles carved out of wood by the native people of the west coast.


Vancouver has Canada's largest port.


Vancouver hostrd the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.



Saskatchewan is located in the central prairie region of Canada


Alberta is to the west, Manitoba is to the east U.S. is to the south and Northwest Territories ts to the north.


Regina, the home of the RCMP Training Academy. is the capital city, and is often called "The Queen City".


SK's symbols: flower - Western Red Lily; tree - White Birch; bird - Sharp-tailed Grouse; motto - "From many peoples strength"


"Saskatchewan" comes from a Cree word "Kisiskatchewani Sipi" meaning "swift flowing river", which referred to the Saskatchewan River.


SK has over 100,000 lakes, rivers, streams - main rivers: Assiniboine, North and South Saskatchewan and Churchill.


Sand dunes 30 m. high at Athabasca Provincial Park in northwest Saskatchewan


In 1874 North West Mounted Police arrived to establish law and order.


The railroad was built across the southern part of the province in 1882-83.


Saskatchewan became a province in 1905 with Regina as the capital.


SK grows over 54 percent of Canada's wheat crop; other crops include canola, rye, oats, barley, flaxseeds, wheat, lentils.


SK is the world leader in the production of uranium and the leading exporter of potash.


Canada's second largest producer of oil (after Alberta) and third largest producer of natural gas in Canada



The Northwest Territories boarders Yukon to the west, the Arctic Ocean and Nunavut to the north and east, and British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the south.


The NWT is a founding and permanent member of the Arctic Winter Games.


Yellowknife, capital of the Northwest Territories hosted the 2008 Games from March 9th to 15th.


The Mackenzie River region of the Northwest Territories includes Canada's longest river and surrounding mountain ranges, as well as Great Bear Lake and Great Slave Lake.


East of the Mackenzie River Valley, and north and east of the treeline, lies what is known as the Barrenlands.


The Northwest Territories also includes portions of several islands in the Arctic Archipelago. The Northwest Territories was the name first given to the vast territory Canada acquired from the Hudson Bay Company and Great Britian in 1870. Since that time, the size of the territory has decreased at a steady pace as new Canadian provinces and territories have been created, with the most recent being Nunavut in 1999.


Natural resources remain the strength to the Northwest Territories economy, although the focus has shifted from base and precious metals to new opportunities related to diamonds, oil and natural gas.


Just like it's neighbor Yukon, tourism and government services also account for considerable economic activity. Aboriginal people account for approximately half of the Northwest Territories' population.


Northwest Territories has an area of 1,304903 sq. mi, [1,171,918 sq. km.] including 51,465 sq. mi of inland water; largest of the provinces and territories.


NWT has a population of 42,180


NWT's Capital is Yellowknife


NWT's Floral Emblem is the Mountain Avens


NWT has a Coastline of 100,516 mi.


Highest Point in NWT is Mt. Sir James MacBrien, 9062 ft, Lowest Point: Sea level, along the Arctic Ocean.


Principal Rivers in NWT: Mackenzie, Back, Thelon, Coppermine.


Principal Lakes in NWT: Great Bear, Great Slave, Dubawnt, Baker.


The two largest lakes of NWT, Great Bear Lake and Great Slave Lake, are so deep, even sonar can’t reach the bottom. .


Great Bear Lake is 320 km (199 mi) long, up to 175 km (109 mi) wide and up to 413 m (0.26 mi) deep at one point.


Great Slave Lake is the deepest lake in North America at 614 m (0.38 mi) and the ninth-largest lake in the world.




Canada is proud of its many inventions,


Acrylics (Plexiglas/Perspex/Lucite) - William Chalmers


Actar 911 - CPR Dummy - Dianne Croteau, Richard Brault and Jonathan Vinden


Air-conditioned railway coach - Henry Ruttan (1858)


Antigravity suit - Wilbur R. Franks (1940)


Balderdash - Laura Robinson and Paul Toyne (1984)


Basketball - James Naismith (1892)


Batteryless radio (AC radio tube) - Edward Samuel Rogers Sr. (1925)


Canadarm - SPAR and the National Aeronautical Establishment (1981)


Production of calcium carbide and acetylene gas - Thomas L. "Carbide" Wilson (1892)


Carcino embryonic antigen (CEA) blood test - Dr. Phil Gold (1968)


Cobalt bomb - University of Saskatchewan and Eldorado Mining and Refining (1951)


Compound marine engine - Benjamin Franklin Tibbets compound revolving snow shovel (trains)


Computerized braille


Crash position indicator (C.P.I) - Harry T. Stevinson and David M. Makow (1959)


Dental mirror


Disintegrating plastic


Ear piercer


Electric cooking range - Thomas Ahearn (1882)


Electric hand prosthesis for children - Helmut Lukas (1971)


Electrical car (North America's first)


Electric wheelchair - George J. Klein


Electron microscope - Prof. E. F. Burton and Cecil Hall, James Hillier and Albert Prebus (late 1930's)


Electronic wave organ - Frank Morse Robb (1927)


Explosives vapour detector - Dr Lorne Elias (1990)


Fathometer - Reginald Fessenden


Film developing tank


Five pin bowling - Thomas E. Ryan (1909)


Foghorn - Robert Foulis (1854)


Frozen fish - Dr. Archibald G. Huntsman (1926)


Garbage bag (green plastic) - Harry Wasyluk and Larry Hanson (1950's)


Gestalt Photo Mapper - G. Hobrough (1975)


Gingerale - John J. McLaughlin (1904)


Goalie mask - Jacques Plante (1959)


Green ink - Thomas Sterry Hunt (1862)


Hair tonic


Heart valve operation (first)


Helicopter trap (for landing on ships)


Helium as a substitute for hydrogen in airships


Hydrofoil boat - Alexander Graham Bell and Casey Baldwin (1908)


IMAX - Grahame Ferguson, Roman Kroitor, Robert Kerr (1968)


Instant potato flakes - Dr. Edward Asselbegs and the Food Research Institute (1962)


Insulation


Insulin (as diabetes treatment) - Dr. Frederick Banting, Dr. Charles Best and Dr. Collip (1921)


Java software platform - James Gosling [1991 released by Sun Microsystems in 1995


Jetline


Jolly jumper - Olivia Poole


Kerosene - Abraham Gesner (1840)


Lacrosse - played since the 1600s; William George Beers set out standard rules (1860)


Laser (sailboat) - Bruce Kirby, Ian Bruce and Hans Fogh (1969)


Lightbulb (first patented) - Henry Woodward (1874)


Liposomes


Machine gun tracer bullet


MacPherson gas mask


Measure for footwear


Muskol


Newtsuit - Phil Nuytten


Newsprint - Charles Fenerty (1838)


Nursing Mother Breast Pads - Marsha Skrypuch (1986)


Pablum - Drs. Alan Brown, Fred Tisdall, and Theo Drake (1930s)


Pacemaker - Wilfred Bigelow


Paint roller - Norman Breakey (1940)


Panoramic camera - John Connon (1887)


Phi (position homing indicator for aircraft)


Pictionary - Rob Angel (1986)


Pizza pizza telephone computer delivery services


Portable high chair


Puzz-3D


(A) Question of Scruples - Robert Simpson (1984)


Radar profile recorder - NRC (1947)


Radio compass


Retractable beer carton handle (Tuck-away-handle Beer Carton) - Steve Pasjac (1957)


Rollerskate


Screw propeller


Ski-binding


Snowblower - Arthur Sicard (1927)


Snowmobile - Joseph-Armand Bombardier (1937)


Snowplow (rotary) - invented by J.W. Elliot (1869), first built by Leslie Brothers (1883)


Steam foghorn


Standard time - Sir Sanford Fleming (1879)


Stanley Cup - (Canada's Governor-General) Lord Stanley of Preston (1893)


Stol aircraft - de Havilland Canada (1948)


Submarine telegraph cable


Superman - Joe Shuster and Jerome Siegel (1938)


Table hockey - Donald Munro (1930s)


Telephone - Alexander Graham Bell (1874)


Trivial Pursuit - Chris Haney, John Haney and Scott Abbott (1982)


Variable Pitch Propeller - Wallace Rupert Turnbull (1918)


Walkie-Talkie - Donald L. Hings (1942)


Washing machine


Wirephoto - Sir William Stephenson (1921)


Yachtzee


Zipper - Gideon Sundback (1913)




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